October 19, 2021

We received a good rain last week and the field behind our house still had standing water as the sun began to go down.  When Melissa looked out our back window, she called me over to see the eerie fog which had formed over the field.  The fog layer was very thick, but only extended a few feet above the ground.  Since this is October and near Halloween, I was reminded of the scary slasher films where the antagonist would appear within the fog and proceed to carve up the residents of the small town.  I was glad I could see above the low fog bank.  I did not feel in the mood to be carved up.

When I looked online, I found that fog forms when the difference between air temperature and dew point is less than 4.5F (2.5C).  Fog begins to form when water vapor condenses into tiny water droplets that are suspended in the air.  Water vapor normally begins to condense on condensation nuclei such as dust, ice, and salt to form clouds.  Fog, like its elevated cousin stratus, is a stable cloud deck which tends to form when a cool, stable air mass is trapped underneath a warm air mass, and normally occurs at a relative humidity near 100%.  This can occur from added moisture in the air or falling ambient air temperature.  Fog may also occur at lower humidity’s and can sometimes fail to form with relative humidity at 100%.  I think that explanation left me in a fog.

It was interesting to find that fog can form in several different ways, and that each type of fog has a different name assigned to it.  I found 10 different types of fog, and these types were broken further into other names given depending on where it forms, how it forms, and the conditions in which it forms. The ground fog that we had encountered is fog obscuring less than 60% of the sky and does not extend to the base of any overhead clouds.  The term is usually a synonym for shallow radiation fog.  Radiation fog is formed by the cooling of land after sunset by infrared thermal radiation in calm conditions with a clear sky.  The cooling ground then cools adjacent air by conduction, causing the air temperature to fall and reach the dew point, forming fog.  In perfect calm, the fog layer can be less than a meter thick.  Radiation fog is most common in autumn and early winter.  This was the type of fog we had.  For me, rather than all the different names, it was just fog.

Thoughts:  When I took a linguistics class in college, I found the Inuit Indians of Alaska have dozens of words to refer to snow and ice.  Anthropologist John Steckley, in his book White Lies about the Inuit (2007), notes that many often cite 52 as the number of different words for snow in Inuktitut (the Inuit language).  This belief in a high number of words for snow and ice has been sharply criticized by many linguists and anthropologists.  Regardless, Inuktitut has a far superior ability to distinguish between the different types of snow than most languages.  The point being made was language is used to distinguish between things that are important in your life.  For the Inuit, the different types of ice and snow mean survival.  While fog may not be important to me, I do use other words to differentiate between valued things (Nana vs. Grandma).  We need to recognize the important things in our lives and keep them dear.  Do the work.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

October 18, 2021

The trending news last week concerned the Arkansas boy who won USA Mullet Championships.  Allan Baltz is a 12-year-old sixth grader who was adopted out of foster care when he was about 4-years old.  Baltz had already faced trials as he had been born with a rare genetic syndrome.  His mother, Lesli, heard about the USA Mullet Championships and told Allan he should enter.  Allan had no desire to enter until he heard there was prize money, with the top prize of $2,500.  Allan decided that if he won, he would donate the money to organizations which help foster kids find their forever homes.  USA Mullet Championships announced the winners on its Facebook and Allan won the title in the kid’s division by nearly 900 votes over the next closest competitor, with 25,178 votes.  Lesli Baltz said, “He has a ridiculous mullet now.  The boy we adopted through foster care instantly wanting to give back.”  Allan is all business there.

When I looked online, I found there are currently more than 400,000 children in foster care in the US. They range in age from infants to 21 years old (in some states) but the average age of a child in foster care is more than 8 years old.  There are also slightly more boys than girls.  Children and youth enter foster care because they have been abused, neglected, or abandoned by their parents or guardians.  All these children have experienced loss and some form of trauma.  In other ways, foster children are no different from children who are not in foster care.  They are learning and growing, playing, hanging out with friends, and they need the love and stability a permanent home provides.  Allan was provided his permanent home, and his mullet became his expression of acceptance.

The USA Mullet Championships Facebook page says the history of this business-in-the-front, party-in-the-back style has been around way before it was popularized by actors and rock stars in the 1980’s. According to some historians, the mullet has been around since at least Ancient Greece, where the style was as much for function as it was for fashion.  Cropped hair around the face with longer locks in the back allowed for both visibility and a protective layer of hair for your neck.  Homer even described a haircut that sounds eerily familiar in The Iliad: “their forelocks cropped, hair grown long at the backs.”  The Greeks weren’t the only ones sporting the mullet.  There is evidence that Neanderthals and our oldest ancestors would wear this ‘do’, as well.  Divisions in the mullet championships included kids, teens, men, and lest the women be left out, femullet.

Thoughts:  When I worked for the State of Utah, I sported a mullet for a short while.  What I liked about the style was the business-in-the-front, party-in-the-back aspect.  This allowed me to grow my hair long but keep a trimmed look for the lawyers and businesspeople who came into my office trying to impress me.  I must admit, at the time I did not know the style was called a mullet.  The Mullet Championships page rated Billy Ray Cyrus as fourth on their list of ten iconic mullets.  Cyrus’ achy breaky mullet of the early 1990’s is what caused me to drop the hairstyle.  I found I was neither achy nor breaky enough to sport the style.  Hair styles are often associated with cultural movements.  That is true for both the mullet and the weave popular today and it was true of the long-haired hippies of my youth.  Hair styles can provide instant acceptance into a group, or they can alienate the person from outsiders.  We need to see beyond the image projected and take time to know the person within.  Do the work.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

October 16, 2021

One of the things bequeathed to me by mom during her downsizing was a small clay pitcher pot had gotten while in El Salvador that was about 4 inches high.  This was one of several clay pots that were unceremoniously strewn in her rock garden to add visual contrast.  I picked it up, brushed the dirt off the sides, and then put it in with two larger clay pots I was bringing home for Melissa’s succulents.  When I got home, I noticed there was debris inside the pot so I tried to clean it out with water and even used a straw to scrape out what I could.  Then I left it on the counter to dry.  You can imagine my surprise when I came in the kitchen several hours later and saw a large black spider drying herself on the handle of the pot.  Apparently, I had not gotten all the debris out of the pot when I cleaned it.

While the spider looked like a North American Black Widow (Latrodectus mactans), also known as a southern black widow, it did not have the distinctive red hourglass on its abdomen.  When I looked online, I found the False Black Widow (Steatoda grossa), was commonly mistaken for the actual black widow.  The false widow is a common species of spider in the genus Steatoda.  It is a cosmopolitan species found in many parts of the world, including North America, Australasia, and Europe.  Like black widows, the female false widow is 6-10.5 mm (1/4-1/2 inches) in length and dark colored with a round, bulbous abdomen.  Typical coloration ranges from purplish brown to black, with light-colored markings, but no red hourglass.  The false widow may shed up to six times (instars) before reaching maturity.  According to Charles Hogue (Insects of the Los Angeles Basin, 1993), it reportedly preys on black widows.  This seems like a good spider to have around.

When I checked the pot again, I noticed there was still a lot of debris in the bottom of the pot.  The false widow likes to make her nest in small holes of crevasses and then spins her web around the opening.   The female spiders can live up to six years, while the typical lifespan for the male is 1-1.5 years, as males often die shortly after mating (if not eaten).  The web is so strong that it can catch and hold small vertebrates.  When the spider feels the vibrations in the web, she will rush out and wind her silk tightly around the victim, immobilizing her prey, and then inject her venom.  The false widow is even known to capture and eat the predators that come for her.  I decided while outside may be good, I did not want it in my house.  I flushed it.

Thoughts:  When I was excavating at Petra, Jordan, I worked as the lab artifact curator.  That meant I had to sort what was uncovered, clean the debris from the artifacts, select representative samples, and place them in piles by provenience so they could be analyzed by the Director.  The one caution I was given was not to scrub the dirt off the pot.  A curator on another excavation had roughly scrubbed the pottery and had washed the painted design off the earthenware.  There are times when we are too aggressive and destroy things that are beneficial (spiders and paint).  There are other times when we are too passive and do not take the action needed to save lives.  The trick is to determine what is real and what is false.  As one of our state officials says on nightly promo spots, “get off google and listen to the experts”.  Follow the science.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

October 15, 2021

One of the pleasures I take while driving on trips is to stop and visit the historic sites designated by markers along the highway.  Rather than just rushing from one location to the next, this allows me to take my time, get out of the car and stretch, and usually learn something new along the way.  As I drove down 1-49, I happened to see a brown and white sign indicating an historic site off the next exit.  I waivered as I had planned to fish later in the drive, but my curiosity got the better of me and I pulled off the highway.  As usual, the site was not along the highway, but neither was it too far away.  I followed directions as the signs guided me the five miles and two turns to reach the site.  This was a national battle site, and although there was not a visitors’ center (it would have been closed anyway) there was a flag, picnic area and shelter, and an interpretive kiosk and signs to explain what had happened.

The Battle of Island Mound took place early in the Civil War during the fall of 1862.  Bates County had become a haven for guerrillas and Confederate recruiters.  One of their favorite haunts was Hog Island, just southwest of Butler, Missouri.  A detachment of 30 men was sent from the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry to clear out the guerrillas who were stationed there.  The battle took place on the marshy prairie and included an attempt by the “bushwhackers” to burn the Union forces out of their main stronghold at Toothman Farm, which had been renamed “Fort Africa” by the soldiers.  The result of the battle was 8 soldiers killed and 11 wounded.  Southern losses were unknown but were probably about the same.  When Union reinforcements arrived the next day, they proceeded to Hog Island, only to find it deserted.    

The 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry was mostly comprised of escaped slaves from Arkansas and Missouri.  Some had been “stolen” during the Jayhawk raids of Missouri’s slave holding farms.  While the ex-slaves had moved to Kansas in hopes of a better life, they all faced prejudice and bigotry from their white neighbors.  In August 1862, the Union Army began recruiting Black soldiers in Kansas, even though this had not been authorized by President Lincoln.  A prominent Black businessman in Leavenworth, Kansas, recruited an entire company (100 men) and was commissioned as a Captain of Company D of the 1st Colored.  Two other Black men were commissioned as lieutenants for Company D.  When Lieutenant Patrick Minor gained distinction while fighting at Island Mound, he was the first Black officer to serve in combat during the Civil War.  The Company fought in 16 battles and numerous skirmishes before being mustered out of service on October 1, 1865.    

Thoughts:  Since the battle site had been designated a Missouri State Park, I was surprised by the language used to describe the battle and the opposing sides.  The Southerners were “bushwhackers” rather than guerillas, and the signage caried a note of contempt, despite referring to most of the men in the surrounding area.  The signs also pointed out the “surprising ferocity” of the Black soldiers described by the national press, even though everyone had suspected they would be timid and unfit for battle.  Like so many small battlefields, this quarter section of land has now returned to the Tall Grass Prairie it had been before the battle.  The scars of the battle site have been smoothed over by the grass and serene fields of cattle that surround it.  Much of our country’s history has been smoothed over in a similar way.  What was offensive at the time has been rewritten to make it more palatable, or even conveniently forgotten.  We cannot learn from what we cover up or dismiss.  Do the work.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

October 14, 2021

When I was driving into Fort Smith last week, I passed a couple walking east along the highway.  They appeared to be homeless as they were pushing a shopping cart that was loaded with their possessions.  I assumed they had enough of Fort Smith and were moving east.  While I could empathize with their need for a move, I was not sure going east was wise.  They had walked eight miles (nearly 13 kilometers) from town.  My community was the next stop, and it was another seven miles (over 11 kilometers).  The low undulating hills they faced meant a lot of up and down to push the cart.  Frankly, the resources in Fort Smith were far greater than they would find anywhere else until they hit Little Rock, 140 miles (224 kilometers) to the east.  When I passed them on my way home, they had stopped to rest.

When I looked online, I found that homelessness emerged as a national issue in in the US during the 1870’s.  Early homeless people lived in the emerging urban cities.  The Great Depression of the 1930’s caused a substantial rise in unemployment and homelessness.  The Great Recession of the late 2000’s was another major contributor to rising homelessness rates.  Amid the covid crisis, there are now over half a million homeless people in the US.  These individuals live in a temporary shelter, transitional housing, or sleep in a place not meant for habitation (like an abandoned building).  The top four causes of homelessness are the lack of affordable housing, unemployment, poverty, and low wages.  Two thirds of the homeless population of the US is single individuals and the remaining third are families.  In recent years, homelessness has increased by almost 1%.  The large cities of the east and west coast have the largest percentage of homelessness, but this is a national issue effecting all areas.

Seeing the disheveled couple moving their possessions east made me think of a movie I saw during the 1990’s.  Wagons East! was a 1994 Western adventure buddy comedy film directed by Peter Markle and starring John Candy and Richard Lewis.  The plot followed a group of misfit settlers in the 1860’s who decide they cannot live in their current situation in the west.  They hire a grizzled alcoholic wagon master named James Harlow (Candy) to take them on a journey back to their hometowns in the east.  They are eventually captured in Sioux territory where the Chief is sympathetic to the idea of ‘white men heading back east’ and offers them an escort.  The movie ends with a fight between Harlow and the cavalry sent to wipe them out for creating bad publicity for the railroad’s promotion to go west.  The movie was panned by critics and received a 0% rating from Rotten Tomatoes.  I thought it was “cute.”

Thoughts:  While Wagons East! may have been cute, the long-term effects of homelessness are not.  Studies have found that 1 in 30 children and youths in the US experience homelessness.  The problems begin before birth, as homeless women give birth to low birth-weight babies and have a high infant mortality rate.  One in five children have clinically diagnosed problems with anxiety, depression, and withdrawal, and 16% demonstrate severe aggression and hostility.  By elementary age these children are drastically behind in the social skills needed to receive an education, and this is compounded by frequent changes in schools and lack of attendance.  These numbers focus on children in the US where services are available.  Across the world the problem is worse.  We like to read stories of individuals rising above poverty and homelessness.  Like the myth of the “self-made man,” they happen, but the likelihood is infinitesimal.  Do the work.  Follow the science.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

October 13, 2021

I stopped by my brother’s house in Independence on my way home from Wichita (yes, it is over 300 miles out of my way).  That gave me the opportunity to see his wife and two of their grandkids I had not seen in a while.  Dan is in the process of having a new house built and is currently living out of an apartment at his shop.  He had taken the liberty of reserving a hotel room in a quaint inner-city hotel that happens to be next door to the Truman House.  When I went to visit the house the next day, I found that it was closed due to covid restrictions.  Independence is also the site of the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum.  This site is also closed.  So much for being a tourist in Independence.

When I looked online, I found that Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the US from 1945 to 1953.  He had previously served as the 34th Vice President from January to April 1945 under Franklin D. Roosevelt, and as a US Senator from Missouri from 1935 to January 1945.  Truman assumed the presidency after Roosevelt’s death and implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe and established both the Truman Doctrine and NATO to contain the expansion of communism.  He proposed numerous liberal domestic reforms, but few were enacted by the Conservative Coalition dominating Congress.  While eligible for reelection in 1952, corruption in his administration became a central issue in the 1952 presidential campaign and Truman decided not to run.  Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower attacked Truman’s record and easily won the presidential election.  Truman retired, founded his presidential library, and published his memoirs.

I caught I-49 south of Kansas City and took the road all the way into northern Arkansas.  Along the way I passed two more Truman sites.  These were the Truman Birthplace and the Truman Farm (both closed).  The Truman birthplace cited Harry S. Truman as the only Missourian ever elected US President, being born here on May 8, 1884.  The Truman family stayed in the six-room home until he was almost one year old.  The Truman Farm is in Grandview, Missouri.  The farm property was developed in the 1860’s by Truman’s grandfather, Solomon Young.  Truman left his job as a banker and moved to the farm in 1906 and lived there until 1917.  Enlisting at the age of 33, Truman served as a Captain in the 129th Field Artillery during World War I.  He returned to live in Kansas City for a short while and then moved to Independence with his bride, Bess Wallace.  Truman credits his leadership experience during the war as the foundation of his political career.  I wonder why his other residences did not make the cut.

Thoughts:  I often recall the saying my grandfather (an others) used during the Democratic years of the 1960’s.  “I like Ike, Heck, I even liked Harry.”  This was a fond reference to the Republican years of the 1940’s and 1950’s.  Truman did take America from its traditional isolationism into an age of international involvement.  Like most memories, the saying fails to recall the hydrogen bombs dropped on Japan, the scandal that drove Truman from the Whitehouse, and the political cleansing of McCarthyism during the 1950’s, not to mention the stalemate wars of Korea or Vietnam (lost in 1974).  Despite his power, Truman said, “I hope to be remembered as the people’s President.”  While history is generally written by the victors, revisionist history is generally written by the detractors.  It will be interesting twenty years from now and recount the turbulence of 2020-21 (racial unrest, pandemic, insurrection, anti-vaccination).  Hopefully, which is the fake news will be determined by then.  Do the work.  Follow the science.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

October 12, 2021

I took the opportunity last weekend to go to Kansas to see my sister who has been helping mom downsize as mom prepares for a move.  I was just about to leave my house when I received a call from asking me to bring water.  It seems a water main broke in Wichita and they were under a boil order as a precaution against contamination.  As with most “crises”, it also meant the quick had immediately gone to the local markets and cleared the shelves of any bottled water that was in stock.  I had to buy water in Arkansas and transport it the 325 miles to Wichita to make sure my family had water.  While I did buy water, I also have a 5-gallon jug that I used when I went dry camping (no potable water on site) in the deserts of Utah.  I filled the water jug and brought it along as well.

One of the stops I intended to make along the trip home was to revisit the Sequoia National Wildlife Refuge outside of Vian, Oklahoma.  Melissa and I had marveled at the thousands of birds we had seen there this spring.  As I pulled in, I noticed how dry the area was.  The drying fields that had supplied grain in the spring were now just shells.  As I drove through the refuge the marsh areas that had been a boon to the waterfowl were dry.  The hundreds of small birds which had darted from tree to tree were either hiding or absent.  I drove the four miles back to Sally Jones Lake without seeing a single bird.  At the lake I did find four pelicans.  As I watched I also saw a bald eagle soar into view.  I had seen aeries on the previous visit, but no birds.  It was nice to see an adult and juvenile hunting the skies together.  The water main at the refuge was not broke, but neither had any rain fallen.  Water makes a difference.

When I pulled into Wichita, I figured I could eat at one of my favorite local restaurants.  Since the main broke, they were all closed.  There were several fast-food spots that were open (they do not use water?).  When I arrived at the house, I found my sister had been boiling water for the last several days to have ice and incidentals.  My family was happy to see the water that I had brought from Arkansas.  Marcia had placed the boiled water in every container she could find.  One of them was a gallon jar, but it had a rusty lid.  She had placed a plastic hairnet over the jar to keep the impurities out.  While I know they require workers to wear hairnets in restaurants, this is the first time I had ever seen one on a jar.

Thoughts:  Several years ago, my work received a water bill of almost $900.  When we questioned the bill, we were told the water had passed through our meter, so we were liable.  We were assured the pipe was not broke.  We disputed the bill for several months before having to pay to keep our water on.  The following year city crews came and dug up the street beside the business.  There had been a leak which had undermined the street and it had to be replaced.  Somehow, the city could not understand the broke pipe that released the water was associated with our bill.  When the pipe broke in Wichita it sent the entire city on shutdown. UNICEF and the World Health Organization report billions of people in the world suffer from poor access to water, sanitation, and hygiene.  Some 2.2 billion people do not have safely managed drinking water, 4.2 billion do not have safely managed sanitation services, and 3 billion lack basic handwashing facilities.  They were not helped when Wichita fixed the broke water main.  We have the capability to provide safe drinking water for the world.  Safe water should be a right, not a privilege.  Do the work.  Follow the science.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

October 11, 2021

Last week Melissa and I decided it was time to install a pool cover to the pond/pool on our back patio.  This is generally part of the usual wintering process for an inground pool, but since our pool has not been operational, we have neglected installing the cover.  While the cover will keep out the leaves and debris that can be blown into the pool, it also serves as a caution for people walking on the patio.  I do not think either the frogs who take up residence in the spring nor the green heron that has come to feast on them the last two years will appreciate our gesture.  The appraiser does and as always, nature loses out to bureaucracy.

When we learned we needed to purchase a pool cover I immediately went online to see what was available and how much it cost.  As usual, there were a variety of styles and types that could be customized to fit any size pool.  I worked through the process to determine what size cover I would need and the number of water bags that would be used to hold it in place.  The obstacle came when I went to add my purchase to the cart.  The cover I had selected was “not currently available”.  I found another that was available and found the 2-3 day shipping I was guaranteed would arrive in 3-4 weeks.  No problem.  I would bite the bullet and spend more money to buy the cover locally.  That is when I found that while all the chain stores carried what I needed, none of them had it in stock.  I finally found a company who did have the cover in stock, but they were a wholesale distributor, and I was not authorized to buy from them.  I had to go through a third-party vendor.

I called a retail pool cover vendor and told them I had located the cover and just needed them to order it for me.  They took my information over the phone and processed my order.  While they would not guarantee it would be available (they were third-party all!), they assured me I could pick it up the following Tuesday.  When I never heard back from the vendor, I called on Tuesday and found the store was closed for the next 10 days.  I called several times to see if they would allow me to pick the cover up at the distributer, but never received a response.  Now I was in the timeframe where I could have had the cover shipped online.  That is, if the online order would have ever been processed.

Thoughts:  The cover arrived a week later than promised.  When I examined it, I found the mesh cover used to protect the pool has a 5-foot overlap with loops every four feet to secure the 8-foot water bags.  I took the time to read the box before I opened it and found I had been given the wrong size.  When I counted the water bags, I found they were one short.  My vendor assured me they would get the right cover and an additional bag.  I drove back into town and retrieved the items.  When I tried to fill up the water bags, the first one was split at the seam, and I had to drive back and get another.  The response I received for each of these failures was “covid has disrupted the supply chain.”  Later that night I saw a segment on the news saying the disruption will still be true when ordering toys at Christmas.  Melissa went ahead and ordered the grandkids presents to make sure they were here.  It is almost Halloween you know.  Do the work.  Follow the science.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

October 09, 2021

You can imagine my surprise when I turned on the Monday Night Football game just as it went into a weather delay.  Apparently, I was not the only one, as the camera panned to Jon Gruden, coach of the Las Vegas Raiders, as the referee informed him of the delay.  He looked up, pointed toward the air, and you could see him mouth the words, “We are in a dome.”  While the new SoFi Stadium in Los Angeles has a dome roof, the panels on the side of the dome were open on the sides beneath the dome.  That was combined with several lightening strikes in the area to delay the game for 40 minutes.  The dome is sponsored by Social Finance, Inc. (SoFi), an American online personal finance company based in San Francisco, One purpose of the dome was to block problems from weather.  For that, it did not work.

When I checked online, I found that SoFi Stadium was built to be “an unprecedented and unparalleled sports and entertainment destination” built in Inglewood, CA, by the Los Angeles Rams.  The dome is the first indoor-outdoor stadium to be constructed and is slated to be the home of the Los Angeles Rams and the Los Angeles Chargers.  The state-of-the-art stadium re-imagines the fan experience and will host a variety of events year-round, including Super Bowl LVI in 2022, the College Football Championship Game in 2023, and the Opening and Closing Ceremonies of the Olympic Games in 2028.  The dome is located on the site of the former Hollywood Park racetrack and serves as the centerpiece of a 298-acre mixed-use development featuring retail, commercial office space, a hotel, residential units, and outdoor parking spaces.  The $5 Billion SoFi facility is only the latest mega dome being built for NFL teams. 

The stadium is built with an arching steel truss compression ring supporting a double grid cable net roof covered with translucent Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), an extremely durable, totally transparent, fully color printable, film that is considerably lighter in weight than glass.   The ETFE is then surrounded with perforated aluminum panels. The roof is the largest of its kind ever built, and is comprised of 302 ETFE panels, including 46 mechanized vents that allow the heat generated by more than 70,000 spectators to dissipate.  The massive roof consists of more than 1400-tons of double orthogonal grid steel, and approximately 67,000 tons of ETFE membrane, secondary steel, gutters, cross clamps, cable struts, and retractable vents.  The 20,000-ton steel truss compression ring reaches the ground at three points and has additional support from thirty-seven earthquake-resistant columns as high as 100-feet from grade.  The 13-acre stadium roof is open on three sides and is a separate structure seismically, isolated from the stadium bowl.  That means one could fall without the other.

Thoughts:  When I worked in Utah my office signed off on another innovative design (at the time) to protect against earthquakes, base isolators.  Salt Lake City is a highly active seismic zone, and the historic city/county courthouse was being protected.  The entire four-story limestone structure was jacked off its foundation and had a series of base isolators which serve as the new foundation points for the structure.  A base isolator provides a way to prevent a structure from having to move and follow the ground as it shakes during an earthquake.  Like the SoFi dome, this was a first of a kind.  Another unique feature of the dome stadium is that it is situated in the flight path of nearby Los Angeles International Airport.  Installation of 28,000 V-Pix LED lights on the roof created a 13-acre high-resolution video display that can be viewed from above.  I can hardly wait to get the latest advertisements as I fly into LAX.  Follow the science.  Do the work.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

October 06, 2021

Even though it had been overcast all last week there was no forecast for rain.  Areas to the west and north of us did receive rain, but not us.  That finally ended Friday night as the moisture that had been eluding us finally resulted in a good rain shower.  Saturday began with a mist shower (very light but lasting) and then cleared off.  During the afternoon we had bright skies and a prediction of 50% chance of rain.  I figured the mist was going to count as our quota.  When Melissa looked out the window she noticed that despite the bright clear sunshine, we were getting a heavy rain.  We were having an interesting phenomenon called a sunshower.

When I looked online, I found a sunshower (sun shower) is a meteorological phenomenon in which rain falls while the sun is shining.  A sunshower is usually the result of accompanying winds associated with a rainstorm that can sometimes be miles away.  The airborne raindrops are then blown into an area where there are no clouds, causing a sunshower.  This can also occur when a single rain cloud passes overhead, and the sun’s angle keeps the sunlight from being obstructed by the overhead cloud.  The conditions that cause a sunshower often lead to the appearance of a rainbow if the sun is at a sufficiently low angle.  Although this designation is used in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the UK, the term “sunshower” is rarely found in dictionaries.  When I checked the skies during the sunshower, I noticed we had dark clouds all around, but nothing overhead.  In addition, the sun was below the high clouds on the horizon and the sun was brightly shinning.  Perfect conditions.

The sunshower phenomenon has a wide range of remarkably similar folkloric names and themes in cultures around the world.  A common theme is of clever animals or tricksters getting married or they are related to the devil, but many variations of this theme exist.  It is possible that the term is originally French.  The first known example, dated 1703, is quoted ‘as the French say’ and runs on, “to go and thrash him round the churchyard, as the devil does his wife in rainy weather when the sun shines”.  In 1738, writer Jonathan Swift expanded the saying in a reference to mixed sun and rain as, “The devil was beating his wife behind the door with a shoulder of mutton.”   Neither makes sense to me.

Thoughts:  The only sense I can make out of either of these sayings is the contradiction between the sunshine and the sunshower.  One would assume there was no way for the sun to shine during a rain shower, so somehow the supernatural must be involved.  I was amused when I trained as an archaeologist that whenever an artifact was found by a researcher who did not know what it was used for, the assumption was that it was “religious.”  The book Motel of the Mysteries by David Macaulay spoofs this idea, as an amateur archeologist in the year 4022 uncovers the remains of a motel caught in a catastrophe from the year 1985.  A picture of the archaeologist kneeling before the ceremonial altar wearing the accompanying sacred ring (toilet/seat) thought to be worn by the priest says it all.  Humans do not like to “not know,” and when we are unsure, we tend to make up an explanation.  I do not know is an acceptable answer, but we also need to try and find the answer.  It is not acceptable when we just call it a hoax.  Follow the science.  Change is coming and it starts with you.