Tag: moths

Woolly Bear

October 22, 2025

Even though the cooler temps have slowed the grass in my yards the weeds in the flower beds seem to be doing fine.  Yesterday I got out and performed (I hope) my last weeding before fall.  I usually just throw the weeds into the lawn and run my mower over them to mulch them into the sod. I had just mowed last week, and it really did not need to be mown again.   I just raked the weeds up and threw them away.  It seems I can never do just one part of yard work and doing one thing always seems to bring on other tasks.  Mowing, weed eating, weeding the beds, and blowing off the sidewalks have become interchangeable.  While I may put one or the other off for a day or two, once I start, I know I am committed to the long haul.  I also have the wood pile stacked at the edge of the drive from the tree I had cut down.  I had it stacked for firewood, but I know I still need to split and season the wood for a minimum of six months or preferably a year.  While cleaning up around the pile I moved several pieces of cardboard and we greated by two guests who had taken up residence, a 12-inch (30.5 cm) Texas brown snake (Storeria dekayi texana) and a banded woolly bear caterpillar.

When I went online, I found the Isabella tiger moth (Pyrrharctia Isabella), whose larval form is called the banded woolly bear, woolly bear, or woolly worm, occurs throughout the US and Canada.  It was first formally named by James Edward Smith in 1797.  The thirteen-segment larvae are usually covered with brown hair (setae) in their mid-regions and black hair in their front (anterior) and back (posterior) areas.  In direct sunlight, the brown hair looks bright reddish brown.  Adult moths are generally dull yellowish through orangish and have robust and scaly midsection (thoraces), small heads, bright reddish-orange forelegs, and sparse black spotting on the wings.  Each abdominal segment bears three black dots.  The Isabella larva emerges from the egg in the fall and overwinters in its caterpillar form by allowing most of its mass to freeze solid.  First its heart stops beating, then its gut freezes, then its blood, followed by the rest of the body.  The larva survives being frozen by producing a cryoprotectant in its tissues that keeps the inside of the cells from freezing.  In the spring, it thaws, and the cycle begins again.

Folklore in both Canada and the US holds that the relative amounts of brown and black hair on a woolly bear larva indicate the severity of the coming winter.  If the brown band is wide, winter weather will be mild.  If the brown band is narrow, the winter weather will be severe.  A variation of this story says the color of the stripes predicts winter weather, with darker stripes indicating a harsher winter.  Another version of this belief is that the direction the Isabella crawls indicates the winter weather, with the caterpillar crawling south to escape colder weather.  There is no scientific evidence for weather prediction and hatchlings from the same clutch of eggs can display considerable variation in their color banding.  The larva’s brown band tends to widen with age as it molts.  Since the 1970’s, several locations in the US hold woolly bear festivals in the fall.

THOUGHTS: The wooly bear Caterpillar is not the only creature that can withstand being frozen.  Amphibians like the wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) and American toad (Anaxyrus americanus), reptiles like the alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and green iguana (Iguana iguana), certain types of carp (family Cyprinidae), and microscopic animals like the tardigrades (Phylum, Tardigrada) and rotifers (Phylum, Rotifera) all survive freezing.  While the technology for freezing a human and bringing them back to life does not yet exist, cryonics involve preserving legally deceased bodies at extremely low temperatures with the hope of future revival.  If an alligator can do it . . . Act for all.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

Tiger Moth

October 22, 2024

Our enclosed porch serves as a greenhouse for both Melissa’s succulents and a rack during late winter for my vegetable seedlings.  The area is also used to store Melissa’s supplies and the seeds I use to feed the birds.  When I started feeding birds several years ago, I set the bags on the floor.  This worked for several months, but as the weather got colder the rodents that thrived in the tall grass of the lot behind our house were more intent on seeking food and shelter.  While I never saw a house mouse (Mus musculus) or brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), I did have several instances of “something” chewing through the seed bags and spilling the contents onto the floor.  I now have a large 20 gallon (76 l) tub for the larger bags and 3 smaller 5 gallon (15 l) buckets to hold the daily dispersal.  The containers are large enough to contain the seed and have a lid which keeps out the (hopefully) mice.  While cleaning behind the “supplies” behind the feed buckets I found more evidence of mice, but again no actual critters.  What I did find beneath several of the buckets was a brightly colored moth.  When I checked my phone identification it said this was a harnessed tiger moth.

When I looked online, I found the harnessed tiger moth (Apantesis phalerata) is a species of moth within the Erebidae family, first described by Thaddeus William Harris in 1841.  The harnessed tiger moth’s subfamily (Arctiinae) has about 11,000 species of tiger moths divided globally across three tribes.  The harnessed tiger moth is indigenous to North America, with a geographical distribution from Ontario, Quebec, and Maine in the north, to the west in South Dakota, and stretching south to Florida and Texas.  The adult moth has a wingspan ranging from 1.2 to 1.7 inches (30 to 42 mm), and their distinctive black and orange wing patterns earned them the name “tiger” moth.  The tiger moth has a grooved exoskeletal structure (tymbals) on the posterior three segments of the thorax (metathorax) which they use to produce high frequency cicada (superfamily, Cicadoidea) like clicks.  The clicks are a defensive mechanism against predation and for communication during mating.  The lifespan of a harnessed tiger moth ranges from 5 to 10 days after mating.  The moth’s activity period varies regionally, being active from April to September in the southern parts of its range, and from May to August in the northern areas.  My tiger moth was active (at least alive) in mid-October. 

The harnessed tiger moth uses its vibrant colors to serve as a visual deterrent, signaling to potential predators that they are distasteful.  Despite their warning colors, harnessed tiger moths are preyed upon by bats, which rely on echolocation (not sight) to hunt.  This tiger moth is not poisonous, but adults do secrete a liquid to ward off predators that can cause allergic reactions in humans.  The furry body of the caterpillar can also cause rashes and irritation if touched with bare hands.  There are many spiritual meanings attached to the various species of tiger moth and different types of tiger moths hold different gravity in various cultures worldwide.  White-colored tiger moths are seen as a sign of peace and innocence as white is often considered the color of peace. 

THOUGHTS: Two common spiritual meanings are attached to all tiger moth species around their attraction to light.  Some believe spotting a tiger moth is an indication that the person must leave the dark and start embracing the light in their soul.  For other cultures this is a warning that means not to be easily lured by charming deals or things and think rationally before making decisions.  Human decisions are fraught with a similar dichotomy of good and bad.  Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, in his Meditations said, “You have power over your mind – not outside events.”  Nietzsche takes the same perspective, affirming the agency of the individual goes beyond good and evil and declares what is “good” and “bad” by what is serving and hindering their own goals.  There are not absolutes, only your reaction to events.  Act for all.  Change is coming and it starts with you.