April 28, 2022

Sitting on the front page next to the lead story detailing the Garth Brooks concert at Razorback Stadium breaking the previous attendance record, our local newspaper carried an AP reprint of the “world’s largest batteries’.  One concern with transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy is where to get power if the sun is not shining or the wind is not blowing.  Pumped storage has been used in the US since 1930, but most systems were built later to hold electricity from nuclear plants.  These are called “the world’s largest batteries” since they hold large amounts of energy.  The US has 43 pumped storage facilities that hold about 22 gigawatts, but only one has been added since 1995.  There are more than 90 planned facilities, but it is unclear if they will prevail over the legal, economic, and practical issues faced.  Three projects have been permitted by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), but none are being built.  More than 60 are being built worldwide, mostly in Europe, India, China, and Japan.

When I looked online, I found pumped storage hydropower (PSH) is a type of hydroelectric energy storage where water is sent from a lower reservoir to an upper one.  The configuration of two water reservoirs at different elevations can generate power as water moves down from above while passing through a turbine.  The system requires power to pump water back into the upper reservoir to recharge the system.  PSH acts like a giant battery and can store power and release it when needed.  There are two different types of PSH systems.  An open-loop PSH has an ongoing hydrologic connection to a natural body of water, while the closed-loop PSH reservoirs are not connected to an outside body of water.

During a January hearing of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee Malcolm Woolf, president of the National Hydropower Association, complained the process for approval involves too many agencies.  Although FERC permits new facilities and relicenses existing ones, other federal, state, and tribal offices have roles, and every project has case-specific issues.  The industry would like an investment tax credit like solar and wind receive.  The Administration’s plan calls for the tax break but is stuck in Congress.  The Australian National University used computer mapping to identify more than 600,000 “potentially feasible” pumped storage sites worldwide, including 32,000 in the US.  These sites could store 100 times the energy needed to support a global renewable electricity network.  The study did not check whether these sites would meet environmental or cultural protection standards or be commercially viable.  

THOUGHTS:  Opponents say pumped storage hydropower systems can have negative impacts on land and wildlife, such as disruption of fish spawning routes or creation of large reservoirs that fill canyons.  In geographically flat places, PSH may be difficult to use.  Constructing the PSH systems involves destruction of trees and green land to build reservoirs, and the reservoirs change the local ecological system which can create environmental consequences.  PSH projects raise hard questions and unpleasant tradeoffs.  Unless we reduce the amount of power (unlikely) used we are forced to decide what will we give up achieving decarbonization.  Act for all.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

April 27, 2022

Before I went to Kansas last week, I planted my vegetables into containers.  I do not have an extensive garden, but there are 12 good sized containers I am planting this year.  While the immediate weather is not forecast as sunny and warm, the last frosts appear to be over.  I only added two new containers this year, so preparation was minimal.  I removed the leaves from the old pots along with the small shoots that managed to sprout.  I had removed the old plants and their root systems last year and mulched them into the yard, so all I had left was to add additional soil where needed and to dig up the top 6-8 inches (15-20 cm) of soil to provide for the new roots.  Zena was a constant companion as I prepared the containers.  I realized I needed to keep an eye on her to make sure she did not dig them up.

When I looked online, I found a dog’s instinct to dig in the ground is as ingrained as barking or sniffing.  There are four main reasons dogs dig and they are all tied to instinct.  Dogs are by nature predators, as evident in even the smallest Toy Puddle chewing squeaky toys and chasing squirrels.  As the dog explores the yard they may hear and smell animals underground and try and dig them up.  Dogs also have a strong instinct to cache things they value (food or toys) and they hide these valuables for safekeeping.  One of the hiding places is to dig a hole.  A third reason is to regulate the dog’s temperature.  By digging a hole, a dog can gain the warmth of the ground during the winter or the coolness during the summer.  This is particularly true for Nordic breeds, including the Prerinses Mountain Dog (Zena).  The final reason is stress and anxiety.  As dogs stress they participate in displacement behaviors, and one of these behaviors is digging.

Zena clearly displays the first three reasons to dig.  She has always liked to snuffle in the flower beds.  I assumed she was looking for a good piece of mulch to chew (another bad habit) until she proudly brought Melissa the snake she had captured and chewed.  Then there was the caterpillar that made the mistake of crawling by her path.  Zena is constantly trying to hide her treasures both inside and out.  When she catches me watching, she returns to the valuable and moves it to a new location hoping I did not see the new cache.  The first hole Zena dug was just big enough to fit her body to comfortably.  While it was neither warm nor cold outside, she seemed to find comfort lying in the shallow depression.  We will need to continue to stay alert and try to find ways to relieve any stress or anxiety.  That is what puppy parents do.

THOUGHTS:  When I planted my vegetables, I placed cages around them for support.  One of the small tomatoes had two plants in the pot and I placed this bonus in a small container thinking I could get a larger pot and a cage later.  Then went to mow the lawn.  When I rode by the fence, I noticed the unsupported plant was gone.  I finished mowing and went back inside to see what had happened.  There was dirt on Zena’s nose and a hole in the soil about the size of Zena’s snout.  While the caged plants were left alone, the unsupported plant seemed free to dig.  Over the last two years the pandemic has caused stress and anxiety.  This has led to a rise in drug abuse, overdose, and violent crime.  Since we cannot stick our nose in the ground, we need to find other ways to cope.  And, we need to find ways to support each other.  Act for all.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

April 26, 2022

I had decided to plant my garden last week.  I originally wanted to grow varieties of squash seeds in a seed starter tray and then replant them in the bed along the north side of the house.  This bed has been nothing but weeds since we returned, and Melissa told me it was never too good at growing things even when her mom planted.  I got the seed tray in February and listened when I was told it was too early to start.  March rolled around and rather than planting I got busy with projects.  April is almost over now, and it is time to plant the seeds outside rather than in the starter box.  It turns out it was a good thing I decided to wait.  Melissa bought six Cherokee Purple tomatoes from a friend and wanted to plant them in my potential Squash bed.

When I looked online, I found the Cherokee Purple (Solanum lycopersicum) is an old variety of tomato that develops fruit with a deep, dusky-rose color while maintaining a somewhat greenish hue near the stem even when ripe.  The combination of deep crimson interior and clear skin give it a distinctive color.  Southern Exposure Seed Exchange (SESE) was the first seed company to offer Cherokee Purple.  It was released in limited quantity in 1993 and has become a popular heirloom variety.  The tomato originated in Tennessee, and plant lore says the Cherokee Purple may have been passed down from the Cherokee tribe.  Heirloom plants means they have been around for several generations, and unlike hybrid varieties, heirlooms are open-pollinated so the seeds will produce tomatoes nearly identical to their parents.

In 1990 John Green of Sevierville, Tennessee mailed heirloom tomato expert Craig LeHoullier seeds of an unnamed purple tomato.  Green said the seeds came from tomatoes he had gotten from a woman who received them from her neighbors.  The neighbors said the varietal had been in their family for 100 years, and that the seeds were originally received from Cherokee Indians.  LeHoullier named the tomato “Cherokee Purple” and sent seeds to the SESE.  Jeff McCormack, the owner of SESE, said that the tomato “tasted fine, but was kind of ugly”, and thought people may not like it.  SESE featured the Cherokee Purple in the 1993 seed catalog and LeHoullier sent the seeds to several market growers.  One of them was Alex Hitt from North Carolina, who had immediate success growing and selling the tomato despite its appearance, which was described as “looking like a leg bruise.”  In 2014, Cherokee Purple was named one of the top ten tomato heirloom varieties by the SESE.

THOUGHTS:  Cherokee Purple are indeterminate, which means they will continue to grow and produce tomatoes until the first frost in autumn.  Melissa is hoping they will produce better by placing them in the ground rather than a container, despite being in the north bed.  Regardless, we need more cages as mine were used on the store-bought plants I planted in containers last week.  Whatever the purple’s origin, they are claimed and grown by members of the Cherokee Nation.  The tomato originated in the highlands of Peru and was transported to Mexico and by 500 BCE it had been domesticated.  The tomato was later spread by the Spanish and is now grown on every continent except Antarctica.  This includes the hundreds of heirlooms, hybrids, and varieties (from 42 Days to Zebra Cherry).  This is one of the few invasive species that ended up being a good thing.  Act for all.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

April 25, 2022

Last week I got a text from Melissa describing an incredible experience she had when she took Zena out for a potty break.  At 8:15 am, all was quiet in the neighborhood.  The kids were in school, and traffic was light.  She was standing on the sidewalk waiting on the puppy and kept hearing this low humming.  At first, she thought it might be the neighbor’s A/C unit, but it did not appear to be running.  Then she realized the closer she was to the porch the stronger the sound got.  She finally looked up at the Japanese Maple and saw it was in full bloom.  There were hundreds of honeybees working the blossoms.  It was so cool to hear them buzzing as they worked.  Nature is so Awesome!

When I looked online, I found the honeybee (also honey bee) is a eusocial flying insect within the genus Apis of the bee clade, all native to Eurasia.  They are known for their construction of perennial colonial nests from wax, the large size of their colonies, and surplus production and storage of honey.  This makes their hives a prized foraging target of many animals, including honey badgers, bears, and humans.  Only eight surviving species of honeybees are recognized, with a total of 43 subspecies, though historically 7 to 11 species are recognized.  Honeybees represent only a fraction of the roughly 20,000 known species of bees.  The best-known honeybee is the western honeybee (Apis mellifera), which has been domesticated for honey production and crop pollination.  The only other domesticated bee is the eastern honeybee (Apis cerana), which occurs in South Asia.  Other types of related bees produce and store honey and have been kept by humans for that purpose, but only members of the genus Apis are true honeybees.

Honeybees have three castes.  The drones are male, while the workers and queens are female.  Drones primarily exist for reproduction.  They are produced by the queen if she chooses not to fertilize an egg or by an unfertilized laying worker.  Drones take 24 days to develop, and the hive may hold as many as 500.  Drones are expelled from the hive during the winter months when the hive’s focus is warmth and food conservation.  Workers are produced from an egg the queen has selectively fertilized from stored sperm.  Workers develop in 21 days and a colony contains as many as 60,000 workers.  Workers exhibit a wide range of duties that change with age, including feeding the brood, receiving nectar, cleaning the hive, guard duty, and foraging.  Queen honeybees are created when worker bees feed a single female larva an exclusive diet of “royal jelly”.  Queens are produced in oversized cells and develop in 16 days.  The queen has functional ovaries, and a spermatheca, which stores and maintains sperm after she has mated. Apis queens practice polyandry, and the female will mate with multiple (40-70) males.  Once mated, queens may lay up to 2,000 eggs per day.

THOUGHTS:  Eusocial comes from the Greek “eu” (good) and social and is considered the highest level of animal social organization.  The division of labor creates specialized groups referred to as ‘castes’.  Eusociality is distinguished from other social systems as individuals of one caste lose the ability to perform behavior characteristics of another caste.  Humans use similar castes for both free individuals and slaves.  In 2019, 40 million people (26% children) in the world were illegally enslaved, and more than 50% of enslaved people provide forced labor in the private factories and sweatshops.  In industrialized countries, slavery is from human trafficking.  In non-industrialized countries, debt bondage enslaves people as domestic servants, forced marriage, and child soldiers.  Honeybees working in a tree can be awesome, the work of enslaved humans is not.  Act for others.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

April 23, 2022

I received a post from Melissa about the impact the Oklahoma Tribes are having on the state.  The Oklahoma Tribal Finance Consortium’s (OTFC) study found the 16 tribal Nations based in the state had a US$15.6 billion impact on the economy.  The study began in 2019 and was released on March 23, 2022.  The report shows an increase of more than $2.6 billion in economic activity from 2017 to 2019.  The Oklahoma tribes directly employ more than 54,000 people and provide 113,442 jobs to tribal citizens and non-citizens, accounting for over $5.4 billion in wages and benefits.  One advantage of the Tribes as an economic driver is they are a more constant and reliable partner than outside corporations.  Victor Flores, President of OTFC and Director of Tribal Services, said “Unlike corporations that move based on economic conditions, our tribes are here to stay.  Oklahoma is home, and we will continue to reinvest in our communities through job creation, critical service delivery and infrastructure development.”

One form of impact is Tribal health care, which includes more than 45 operating facilities.  Most of these locations provide care to both Native American and non-Native Oklahomans.  Another advantage is when Native Americans get health care at tribal health facilities, the entire cost of care is paid by the federal government.  During 2019, the tribes paid $232 million in Medicaid expenses.  This Oklahoma $86 million as the services did not require state matching funds.  In 2019 alone, there were 3.5 million patient visits at tribal health facilities in Oklahoma.  Those visits resulted in prevention and in improved health which potentially provide additional cost savings for the state.

Another revenue impact is the gaming compacts between Oklahoma-based tribes and the state which require tribal nations to submit a percentage of their gaming revenues for the exclusive right to operate casinos in the state.  Oklahoma sends the first $250,000 of these fees to the Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, and the remaining 88% of funds are used for public education supporting all Oklahomans.  The Tribes have paid more than $1.8 billion in exclusivity fees since 2006, with over $1.5 billion used for public education.  During 2019, an additional $84 million was paid to support Oklahoma schools, municipalities, and other community initiatives.  Another economic impact comes from the more than 75,000 people employed by the casinos, mostly in rural communities.  The monies generated build roads and hospitals, invest in our public schools and universities, and create programs to serve those who need assistance.  Matthew L. Morgan, Chairman, Oklahoma Indian Gaming Association said, “We are proud of our past, excited about things happening right now, and determined to leave the next generation an industry, and an Oklahoma, that they can take pride in.”

THOUGHTS:  Like any government study, the report on the Tribes economic impact was only partial, as only 16 of the 39 tribes based in the state provided financial data for the report.  That represents 41% of the Tribes responded and probably indicates the economic impact was much higher.  Additional data for the report was gathered from information on the tribes from other federal and state data.  A typical survey reply rate is in the range of 5% to 30%.  While the US Census Bureau claims over 99% of households are accounted for by their reports, the administration stopped the survey prior to its scheduled end date in 2020.  People could still fill out information online, but these are the same people who had avoided the survey for the previous six months.  The census is used to assign House of Representatives seats and determine where federal aid is needed.  No reason to get that information correct, right?  Act for others.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

April 22, 2022

Since today is Earth Day, it is appropriate to address an article in my local newspaper on the battle around Carbon Capture.  Ascension Parish is part of the 85-mile (137-kilometer) span between New Orleans and Baton Rouge officially called the Mississippi River Chemical Corridor, but more commonly known as Cancer Alley.  The region’s air quality is some of the worst in the United States, and in several places the risk of cancer is much higher than considered acceptable by the Environmental Protection Agency.  This is also where a US$4.5 billion plant designed to capture carbon and make clean-burning hydrogen fuel is slated to be built.  The plant will be operated by Air Products and Chemicals and is designed to capture airborne carbon emissions during production and put them safely underground.

When I looked online, I found Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) before it enters the atmosphere, transporting it, and storing it (carbon sequestration) for centuries or millennia.  The CO2 is usually captured from sources like a coal-fired power plant, a chemical plant, or biomass power plant, and then stored in an underground geological formation.  The aim is to prevent the release of CO2 from heavy industry with the intent of mitigating the effects of climate change.  Although CO2 has been injected into geological formations for several decades, the long-term storage of CO2 is a relatively new concept.  CO2 can be captured directly from an industrial source using a variety of technologies, including absorption, adsorption, chemical looping, membrane gas separation or gas hydration.  As of 2020, about one thousandth of global CO2 emissions are captured by CCS and most projects are industrial.  A study in late 2020 by researchers from the University of California, San Diego, found over 80% of 39 projects that have sought to commercialize carbon capture and storage ended in failure.  The study cited lack of technological readiness as a top factor

Even if the technology was deployed successfully, several critics say the projects would pose threats to the public health of communities long plagued by air and water pollution.  First, any project that prolongs the life of an existing industrial facility presents additional environmental harm by extending the amount of time it pollutes a community.  Second, since carbon capture requires more energy to power equipment, it would result in more air pollution as the technology can only catch a portion of the facilities carbon emission.  Howard Herzog, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and pioneer of carbon capture and storage technology, disputed this in an interview with the AP.  But he acknowledged there is a risk in transporting and storing carbon.  At the point of capture, Herzog said, the technology poses a “very low” threat to public health. “There’s always a chance of some mishaps, but on the overall scale of chemical plants, (the technology) is fairly benign.”

THOUGHTS:  When I was researching a lead smelter in Utah, I tried to interview workers at a plant that had closed two decades earlier.  I was only able to find three workers who still lived in town, and they told me their friends had all died long ago.  One of the three died of cancer not long after my interview.  What I realized was the workers had been exposed to lead for long periods of time.  While lead poisoning was not listed as the cause of death, exposure to lead initiated the mortality.  The EPA determined that “prior protections” failed to prevent over 2,200 chemical accidents in the US during a 10-year period, including about 150 incidents per year that caused “reportable harm”.  “Fairly benign” seems to be a relative term if it happens to you.  Act for others.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

April 21, 2022

While Earth Day is not until tomorrow, it deserves advance notice to plan something special to help protect the environment.  Earth Day began as a US event in 1970 and went international in 1990 when it spread to 141 countries.  It now includes a wide range of events coordinated globally by EarthDay.org and includes 1 billion people in more than 193 countries.  The annual event on April 22 demonstrates support for environmental protection.  The landmark Paris Agreement was signed by the US, the United Kingdom, China, and 120 other countries on Earth Day 2016.  Signing satisfied a key requirement for the entry into force of the historic draft climate protection treaty adopted by consensus of the 195 nations present at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris.

When I looked online, I found the concept for Earth Day was formed in 1969 at a UNESCO Conference in San Francisco.  Peace activist John McConnell proposed a day to honor the Earth and the concept of peace.  This was to be observed on March 21, 1970, the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere.  This day was later sanctioned in a proclamation written by McConnell and signed by Secretary General U Thant at the United Nations.  A month later, US Senator Gaylord Nelson proposed a nationwide day as an environmental teach-in on April 22, 1970 and hired Denis Hayes as National Coordinator.  Nelson and Hayes renamed their event “Earth Day”.  The event grew beyond the original teach-in to include the entire United States.  More than 20 million people poured into the streets on the first Earth Day, making it the largest single-day protest in human history.  On Earth Day 2020, over 100 million people around the world observed the 50th anniversary in what is referred to as the largest online mass mobilization in history.

The theme for Earth Day 2022 is “Invest in Our Planet” and features several action options.  The Great Global Cleanup is a campaign to remove billions of pieces of trash from neighborhoods, beaches, rivers, lakes, trails, and parks.  Sustainable Fashion refers to the clothing industry being responsible for 8% of total greenhouse gas emissions and calls for a clothing supply chain that is ecologically and socially responsible.  Climate and Environmental Literacy is an attempt to create a generation of citizens, workers, students, and leaders ready for climate change, and understanding how to stop it.  Canopy Project recognizes forests as home to 80% of the world’s biodiversity and as collectively the second largest storehouse of carbon after the oceans.  Food and Environment emphasizes regenerative agriculture where practices such as no till farming and cover cropping reduce erosion and water pollution, while producing healthier soils.  If you are interested, see earthday.org for ideas.

THOUGHTS:  I learned this week my great niece submitted a picture depicting the effect of trash in our oceans for an Earth Day event sponsored by the Topeka (Kansas) Zoo and won first place in her division (2nd Grade).  This gives her a free pass to the Zoo on the 22nd, and a lifetime of memories for activism.  Raising generations of children with climate and environmental literacy is imperative if we are to be successful in saving our planet.  Raising generations of children with social and cultural sensitivity is imperative if we are to be successful in creating unity.  This is not either/or, it is both/and.  Act for others.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

April 20, 2022

When I headed for the market last weekend, I remembered hearing of the shortage of eggs as we neared Easter.  I always dyed boiled eggs with my son Alex when he was growing up and we were able to hide and re-hide eggs for the next week.  We kept them in the refrigerator, but I am sure it was not a sanitary practice.  This seems to be among the many food customs we “used to do” that are no longer considered safe.  I noticed a father who had opted for plastic eggs and candy to fill them.   I felt sad that he would was not able to participate in the bonding that was more of a part of the egg dying than the hunt ever was.  I had come to purchase eggs for the quiche I was making so I worked my way back to the cold section.  I found the stocker putting the last case of eggs on the empty shelves.  These were cage free eggs that sold for US$4.50 a dozen.  It was only later that I learned of the spread of bird flu.

When I looked online, I found the shortage of eggs was not due to supply chain issues.  Egg prices had doubled nationally in March, according to the Urner Barry Egg Index, due to the drastic measures taken to try to curb spread of bird flu virus (HPAI).  This is the worst outbreak since 2014-2015 and more than 24 million domestic chickens, turkeys, and other domestic birds across 17 states have been killed in the US since February.  No human cases have been documented from this strain of avian flu in the US, and only one has been reported in Europe.  Among birds, avian flu can be deadly and spread rapidly.  Federal rules in the US require the birds to be killed to try to stop the virus.  Response to the bird flu has varied.  Zoos in at least a half dozen states have shuttered aviaries to protect their birds.  Backyard flock owners are keeping their chickens in and trying to keep wild waterfowl out of farm ponds to protect their birds.

After the virus was reported in 41 countries during the latter half of 2021, US and Canadian officials began swabbing live birds and ducks taken by hunters to monitor for it.  The strain spread to North America in late November in great black backed gulls in Newfoundland, where birds sometimes land after being blown across the Atlantic from Europe.  By April 18, the virus had taken flight and had spread to more than 230 counties, in 37 US states, and in at least 6 Canadian provinces.  Maps of the outbreak this spring showed the flu moving along the Missouri River basin, “very clearly on the wings of migrating waterfowl,” said Bryan Richards of the USGS National Wildlife Health Center.  USGS data shows at least 32 species of wild birds have been infected in the US, including bald eagles, snowy owls, swans, and white pelicans.

𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗧𝗦:  Among the latest victims of the bird flu outbreak is the Bald Eagle.  Eagles in 14 states have died after contracting bird flu, and eagles in two other states are suspected of falling ill with avian flu.  According to the USDA, 36 bald eagles have died since February.  Scientists are monitoring avian flu and other pathogens in animals more closely because of the rising threat the viruses could spread to people, or back and forth between people and animals, mutating into different strains as they go.  An example is the covid-19 virus, which was found in a host of captive and wild animals, including lions, tigers, gorillas, cats, dogs, deer, and mink.  Richards commented, “We’ve created opportunities where wildlife, humans and domestic animals literally share time and space.  Pathogens can leverage those opportunities.”  While pathogens leverage opportunities to spread, humans can take action to limit their spread.  Act for others.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

April 19, 2022

Driving home last weekend, we ran into a major traffic jam two miles from our house.  This was only the third time we had left Zena by herself and were trying to hurry back.  The first time we put her in the small bathroom with a bowl of water thinking there was not too much to tear up.   We were wrong.  The bathroom looked like a bomb had gone off when we got home.  The next time we realized Zena already slept on the floor in the bedroom at night, so we put her in our bedroom.  Zena quickly settled down and was sleeping on the floor in her bed when we returned.  Still, Melissa was antsy as we crawled along the road toward the accident.  The officers were trying to divert traffic to a side exit, but most drivers did not know where the road led and decided to wait until the accident cleared.  The ones who took the exit seemed to be locals who knew the directions to get around.

When we finally got close enough Melissa took off on the exit.  This was an area Melissa had grown up driving, although it had been a long time.  Since she thought she knew the directions around the jam, I did not try to pull up a map on my phone.  Quite a few others had taken the same route and traffic was again crawling along as we approached a “cross traffic does not stop” intersection.  Most were turning right but Melissa cut across to avoid the next snarl.  We wound through a series of back roads that seemed to be taking us away from our destination.  I finally pulled up my map to see where we were going and possibly find directions to take us home. What I discovered was we were lost.

When I showed Melissa the map directions, she asked me to navigate.  The GPS took us on a convoluted route through a subdivision that finally came out about 100 yards in the opposite direction than where we started.  However, the directions assured we could get home following the route.  We backtracked along the route we had come until we finally arrived at a “t” intersection.  We had turned left, and the directions now told us to go right.  Within a mile Melissa knew exactly where we were and within five minutes, we were home.  Once more Zena had done fine without us.

𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗧𝗦:  I always hear how men struggle with asking directions, but that has never been my problem.  I was driving to a new location with my boss, and we were unsure where to turn.  I saw a sign on a house for psychic services and immediately pulled in.  I knocked on the door and asked for directions, which she gave me.  When we arrived at our destination, my boss asked how I knew she could tell us where to go, and I responded, “She would not be much of a psychic if she did not know directions would she?”  My GPS initially led us the wrong way but corrected and provided the right directions.  Other advisors people listen to give the wrong directions but rather than correcting their error, they deny they ever said it.  When the directions change the advice should change with it.  When it does not, you may want to get different advice.  Act for others.  Change is coming and it starts with you.

April 18, 2022

Last weekend marked the confluence of the Holy Days of four different faiths.  On Friday, Western Christians commemorated the crucifixion of Jesus, and on Sunday celebrated Easter marking Jesus’ resurrection.  Friday also marked the Jewish celebration of Passover Eve, which commemorates the exodus of the Israelites and the end of their bondage in Egypt.  Friday was another of the Muslim weekly Friday holidays during the month of Ramadan, which began on April 2 and ends on May 2.  Finally, Sunday marked the beginning of Holy Week for the Eastern Orthodox church, or Palm Sunday.  This confluence of dates is unusual and is only possible because of the different calendars used by these faiths.

When I looked online, I found the confluence of dates results as the Christian calendar is based on the solar year, while the Islamic calendar is aligned with the lunar year.  The twelve months in the solar year equal 365 days, but the 12 lunar months have 354 days.  This causes the Islamic Ramadan to move through the solar calendar over a thirty-year cycle.  The Jewish Passover and Western Easter occur close to each other in early spring, but rarely on the same day.  Christians have dated Easter to Sunday since 325 CE, specifically the first Sunday after spring full moon.  In the Jewish calendar, Passover begins on the 14^th day of the month, regardless of the day of the week.  Eastern Christian churches base their Easter date on the Julian calendar, which differs from the Gregorian calendar used by western countries.  That means Eastern Easter is often later than Western Easter.

Another confluence happens as Jerusalem has major significance for all three monotheistic religions, Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.  Around 1000 BCE, King David captured Jerusalem and made it the capital of his Jewish kingdom, and Solomon built the first Temple 40 years later.  King Herod reconstructed the second temple in 37 BCE and added the retaining walls.  Jesus was crucified in the city around 30 CE and is said to have been resurrected.  The Islamic prophet Muhammad died in 632 CE and was said to have ascended to heaven from Jerusalem.  The city now lies on the boarder of Jewish Israel and Islamic Palestine.  Parts are controlled by each state, and both have claimed Jerusalem as their capital.  Bloody conflicts to control the city and the sites within it have waged for 1500 years.  The confluence of faith has not brought peace.

THOUGHTS:  Zena woke me early Sunday morning to let me know it was time to go outside.  I let her out and listened as music blasted off the hill overlooking town celebrating Easter Sunrise.  When I was in Cairo, I was awakened each morning by the call to prayer that was broadcast from each of the many mosques in the city.  The confluence of faith and the world often results in conflict.  That is true for Jerusalem, for the Middle East, and for America.  Some believe if we proclaim our message loudly, teachings of love and unity can be disregarded in favor of power and control.  Act for all.  Change is coming and it starts with you.